Gathering
to agriculture
Hunting
to domestication of animals (to train an animal to live with and be useful to
human beings.)
First
domesticated animal was probably the goat.
The
ability to acquire food on a regular basis changed life: there was more
stability and order. Life developed
according to special patterns, seasons.
Aspects of nomadic life were given up.
Neolithic
farming villages
Catal
Huyuk (CHAH
tuhl hoo YOOK) in present day
At
Catal Huyuk, people grew fruit, nuts, wheat and barley. They raised cattle for
milk and hides. They hunted too.
Food
production increase as people learned new ways of producing and storing more
food. A
surplus of food emerged. Surplus=having
more than one needs.
Results:
1)
This freed some people from having to spend all their time producing food. They could learn other skills. Artisans made weapons and jewelry. Specialty products could be made that were not available to nomadic people.
2)
Surplus of food could be sold or traded with other communities. Neolithic communities came in contact with
other communities around them.
Changes
of Neolithic Revolution:
1) people needed to build
permanent houses for protection and storing food
2) People began to specialize
in certain crafts, social divisions began, laborers/merchants
3) Gender roles changed hunters and gatherers assigned similar roles
to men and women. In the Neolithic
revolution, the work that produced food became relegated to men, and household
chores became the women’s job. Men came
to be the dominant gender in society.
The
use of metals (copper + tin = bronze) brought the Neolithic period to an end,
although many of the skills learned during that time would continue.
Bronze
was a hard, durable metal. It made
better tools.
Farming=food production drastically
increased
Weapons=much larger, walled
communities were needed. Large armies emerged.
The
Bronze Age led directly to the birth of a new form of human organization:
Civilization
Civilization:
1) cities
2) political structure
3) religion/common morality
4) social classes
5) the use of writing and art